Melville / Shakespeare
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چکیده
That Melville's Moby Dick contains nearly measureless references to the reading of Shakespeare is an old story featuring the whaling epic's persistent Shakespearean verbal echoes, the composition and sequencing of scenes, and the construction of Ahab as a tragic hero-villain, his shipmen as "knights and squires" and heroic commoners all caught in a tragic drama of the excesses and shortcomings of its mercurial prince. The verbal echoes pop up so often that Shakespeareans may look forward to enjoying the variety of uses to which Melville put the bard.Critical observations of these echoes range from Mathiessen's noting of the blank verse rhythms employed by Ahab in "The Quarterdeck" and the similar uses of oath and ceremony (as in the pledge with harpoon cups and Hamlet's swearing Horatio and Marcellus to secrecy), to minor echoes involving specific words or phrases. For example, Melville's choice of the metaphor "tiger's heart" to characterize the inner condition of the apparent "tranquil beauty and brilliancy of the ocean's skin" (Moby Dick 405) recontextualizes a line from 3 Henry VI—"O tiger's heart wrapped in a woman's hide" (1.4.137), phrasing also made infamous by Robert Greene in his efforts to savage Shakespeare:
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